Jinsi Nyota Huundwa Ni Kama Puto

Stephen Hawking: How are stars formed?

[Scroll down for the English]

KISWAHILI

“Nyota huundwa wakati kiasi kikubwa cha gesi (hasa hidrojeni) inapoanza kujiporomosha yenyewe kutokana na nguvu wa uvutano wake. Kama ikiapojibana, atomi za gesi hiyo hugongana mara kwa mara na kwa kasi kubwa zaidi—gesi hiyo huwaka. Hatimaye, gesi itakuwa ya moto sana kwamba atomi za hidrojeni zinapogongana hazigongani tena, lakini badala yake huungana na kuunda heliamu.

“Joto linalotolewa katika mwitikio huu, ambalo ni kama mlipuko wa bomu la hidrojeni linalodhibitiwa, ndilo linalofanya nyota ing'ae. Joto hili la ziada pia huongeza shinikizo la gesi mpaka inatosha kusawazisha nguvu wa uvutano, na gesi huacha kujibana.

“Ni kidogo kama puto—kuna usawa kati ya shinikizo la hewa ndani, ambalo linajaribu kufanya puto kupanuka, na mvutano katika mpira, ambao unajaribu kufanya puto kuwa ndogo. Nyota zitasalia imara namna hii kwa muda mrefu, na joto kutoka kwa mwitikio wa nyuklia zikisawazisha nguvu wa mvuto.”

- Stephen Hawking (1942-2018), mwandishi wa The Illustrated Brief History of Time (1996)

ENGLISH TRANSLATION

“A star is formed when a large amount of gas (mostly hydrogen) starts to collapse in on itself due to its gravitational attraction. As it contracts, the atoms of the gas collide with each other more and more frequently and at greater and greater speeds—the gas heats up. Eventually, the gas will be so hot that when the hydrogen atoms collide they no longer bounce off each other, but instead coalesce to form helium.

“The heat released in this reaction, which is like a controlled hydrogen bomb explosion, is what makes the star shine. This additional heat also increases the pressure of the gas until it is sufficient to balance the gravitational attraction, and the gas stops contracting.

“It is a bit like a balloon—there is a balance between the pressure of the air inside, which is trying to make the balloon expand, and the tension in the rubber, which is trying to make the balloon smaller. Stars will remain stable like this for a long time, with heat from the nuclear reactions balancing the gravitational attraction.”

- Stephen Hawking (1942-2018), author of The Illustrated Brief History of Time (1996)

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Kuhusu (About):

KISWAHILI

Stephen Hawking (1942-2018) alikuwa mwanafizikia wa kinadharia, profesa, na mwandishi ambaye kazi yake ilizingatia sifa za mashimo meusi na nadharia ya uhusianifu wa ujumla.

ENGLISH TRANSLATION

Stephen Hawking (1942-2018) was a theoretical physicist, professor, and author whose work focused on the properties of black holes and the theory of general relativity.

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KISWAHILI: Asante na tutaonana tena,

Mmerikani

ENGLISH TRANSLATION: Thank you and may we see each other again,

Mmerikani

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Chanzo (source): Hawking, Stephen. The Illustrated Brief History of Time. New York: Bantam Books, 1996, pages 105-106.