Wakati Ujao na Uliopita ni Maelekezo Tu Kama Juu na Chini

Stephen Hawking explains Einstein's "space-time"

[Scroll down for the English]

KISWAHILI

“Kasi ya mpigo wa nuru ni umbali unaosafiri kati ya matukio mawili, ukigawanywa na muda kati ya matukio. (Tukio kwa maana hii ni jambo linalofanyika katika hatua moja katika nafasi, kwa wakati maalum.)

"[Hata hivyo] watu wanaotembea kwa kasi tofauti hawatakubaliana juu ya umbali kati ya matukio mawili. Kwa mfano, nikipima gari linalosafiri kwenye barabara kuu, naweza kudhani limesogea kilomita moja tu, lakini kwa mtu yupo hapo jua, lingesonga takriban kilomita 1,800, kwa sababu dunia ingesonga wakati gari linasafiri barabara.

“Kwa sababu watu wanaotembea kwa kasi tofauti hupima umbali tofauti kati ya matukio [hayo], lazima pia wapime vipindi tofauti vya wakati ikiwa watakubali mwendo wa mwanga [kuwa maili 186,000 kwa sekunde].

"Nadharia ya asili ya uhusiano ya Einstein, ambayo alipendekeza katika karatasi iliyoandikwa mnamo 1905, ndiyo tunayoiita sasa nadharia maalum ya uhusiano. Inaelezea jinsi vitu vinavyotembea kupitia nafasi na wakati. Inaonyesha kwamba wakati siyo wingi wa ulimwengu wote ambao upo peke yake, tofauti na nafasi.

“Badala yake, wakati ujao na uliopita ni maelekezo tu, kama juu na chini, kushoto na kulia, mbele na nyuma, katika kitu kinachoitwa nafasi-wakati.”

- Stephen Hawking (1942-2018), mwandishi wa Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays (1993)

ENGLISH TRANSLATION

“The speed of a pulse of light is the distance it travels between two events, divided by the time interval between the events. (An event in this sense is something that takes place at a single point in space, at a specified point in time.)

“[However] people moving at different speeds will not agree on the distance between two events. For example, if I measure a car traveling down the highway, I might think it had moved only one kilometer, but to someone on the sun, it would have moved about 1,800 kilometers, because the earth would have moved while the car was going down the road.

“Because people moving at different speeds measure different distances between [those] events, they must also measure different intervals of time if they are to agree on the speed of light [to be 186,000 miles per second].

“Einstein’s original theory of relativity, which he proposed in the paper written in 1905, is what we now call the special theory of relativity. It describes how objects move through space and time. It shows that time is not a universal quantity which exists on its own, separate from space.

“Rather, future and past are just directions, like up and down, left and right, forward and back, in something called space-time.”

- Stephen Hawking (1942-2018), author of Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays (1993)

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Kuhusu (About):

KISWAHILI

Stephen Hawking (1942-2018) alikuwa mwanafizikia wa kinadharia, profesa, na mwandishi ambaye kazi yake ilizingatia sifa za mashimo meusi na nadharia ya uhusianifu wa ujumla.

ENGLISH TRANSLATION

Stephen Hawking (1942-2018) was a theoretical physicist, professor, and author whose work focused on the properties of black holes and the theory of general relativity.

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KISWAHILI: Asante na tutaonana tena,

Mmerikani

ENGLISH TRANSLATION: Thank you and may we see each other again,

Mmerikani

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Chanzo (source): Hawking, Stephen. Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays. New York: Bantam Books, 1993, page 68-69. Kindle edition.