Wanaotetezaji kwa Haki ya Wanawake Kupiga Kura Wanagawanyika Wakati Marekebisho ya Kumi na Nne Yanapoanzisha Jinsia

U.S. suffragists divide when Fourteenth Amendment introduces gender

[Scroll down for the English]

KISWAHILI

“Juhudi za kupata haki za wanawake, hata hivyo, zilikwama wakati wa Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe [1861-1865]. Badala ya kuendelea kuomba na kufanya makusanyiko ya haki ya wanawake, wanawake wengi walichagua kuthibitisha kwamba walikuwa muhimu kwa juhudi za vita, na kwa ugani, kwa mchakato wa kisiasa….

"Mwisho wa vita, kiungo kati ya haki za wanawake na haki za watu walioachwa huru [mwanzoni] ulibaki… [baadaye, katika] mkusanyiko wa kitaifa wa haki za wanawake wa 1866, la kwanza tangu kabla ya vita, wanamageuzi [W]eupe na Weusi walianzisha Shirika la Haki za Sawa la Marekani (AERA) ili kupata haki ya kupiga kura bila kujali kabila, rangi, au jinsia.’

“Walakini, wakati, pamoja na Marekebisho ya Kumi na Nne [1868], wabunge waliunganisha uwakilishi katika Bunge na idadi ya wapiga kura waliokuwa wanaume, wapinzani waligawanyika juu ya uaminifu wao.

“Huko mkataba wa 1869 wa AERA, wakati wa mijadala ya bunge juu ya Marekebisho ya Kumi na Tano kwa ajili ya kuwatoa haki ya kupiga kura kwa wanaume Weusi... [kiongozi wa haki ya kupiga kura Lucy] Stone alitoa sababu ikiwa watu Weusi wangalipokea haki ile, kisha ingaliashiria maendeleo [ya kutosha], ilhali [Elizabeth Cady] Stanton na Susan B. Anthony walidai kuwa haki ya wanawake [kupiga kura] ilikuwa muhimu sawa na haifai kuweka kando [wala kuruhuiswa kuja tarehe baadaye]. AERA ilipata mgawanyiko wenye uchungu."

- Goodier, Susan. “Flexing Feminine Muscles: Strategies and Conflicts in the Suffrage Movement” (U.S. National Park Service article).

ENGLISH TRANSLATION

“Efforts to gain women’s rights, however, stalled during the Civil War [1861-1865]. Rather than continue to petition and hold conventions for woman suffrage, many women chose to prove they were essential to the war effort, and by extension, to the political process….

“At war’s end, the link between women’s rights and rights for freed people [initially] remained… [later, at] the 1866 national women’s rights convention, the first since before the war, white and Black reformers founded the American Equal Rights Association (AERA) to secure suffrage “irrespective of race, color, or sex.”

“However, when, with the Fourteenth Amendment [1868], legislators tied representation in Congress to the number of male voters, suffragists divided over their loyalties.

“By the 1869 AERA convention, during congressional debates on the Fifteenth Amendment to enfranchise Black men… [suffrage leader Lucy] Stone reasoned that enfranchisement for Black men signified progress [enough], while [Elizabeth Cady] Stanton and Susan B. Anthony contended that woman suffrage was equally important and should not be sacrificed [come after the enfranchisement of Black men]. The AERA underwent a painful split.”

- Goodier, Susan. “Flexing Feminine Muscles: Strategies and Conflicts in the Suffrage Movement” (U.S. National Park Service article).

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KISWAHILI: Asante na tutaonana tena,

Mmerikani

ENGLISH TRANSLATION: Thank you and may we see each other again,

Mmerikani

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Chanzo (source): Goodier, Susan. “Flexing Feminine Muscles: Strategies and Conflicts in the Suffrage Movement” (U.S. National Park Service article). Last modified January 29, 2020. https://www.nps.gov/articles/flexing-feminine-muscles-strategies-and-conflicts.htm.