North American and Caribbean Black Americans Nurtured Pan-Africanism and African Liberation
Angelus Mnenuka, senior lecturer at the Institute of Kiswahili Studies (IKS) at Dar es Salaam University
Mmerikani’s Substack consists of sourced, edifying quotes in a dual-language format (Swahili & English). I am a Quaker, runner, and was formally trained in Swahili.
[Scroll down for the English]
KISWAHILI
[Madondoo kutoka kwa sura la kitabu lililochangiwa na Angelus Mnenuka “Dhima ya Fasihi ya Kiswahili katika Utangamano, Utambulisho wa Uafrika na Uatamizi wa Fasihi ya Kiafrika” (2022).]
KISWAHILI
“[Umajumui wa Kiafrika*] zilianzia nchini Marekani na baadaye kuenea bara la Ulaya kama mkakati wa kupinga unyanyasaji uliokuwa ukifanywa dhidi ya watu weusi (Appiah, 2005). Baadaye, harakati hizi zilijumuisha mapambano dhidi ya ukoloni barani Afrika. Baada ya nchi za Kiafrika kupata uhuru, harakati hizi ziliendelea na kuzaa mawazo yaliyochochea kuundwa kwa Umoja wa Nchi Huru za Kiafrika (OAU), asasi ambayo ilibadilishwa jina na hivi sasa inaitwa Umoja wa Afrika (AU) (McEachrane, 2020; Murithi, 2020). Msingi mkuu wa mkabala huu [Pan-Africanism*] ni ustawi wa watu weusi wenye asili ya bara la Afrika popote walipo.[†] Miongoni mwa watu wanaotajwa katika harakati hizi ni Marcus Garvey (1887-1940), William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (1868-1963), Martin R. Delany (1812-1885), Alexander Crummell (1822-1898), na Edward Wilmot Blyden (1832-1912).
- Angelus Mnenuka ni mhadhiri mkuu katika Taasisi ya Taaluma za Kiswahili (IKS) katika Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam na mtafiti wenye kujitawala. Ni mwandishi wa machapisho kadhaa yanayochunguza nadharia ya fasihi, fasihi simulizi na fasihi maandishi, na lugha la Kiswahili.
† Mmerikani angependa kuongeza kwamba mtazamo mpana zaidi wa Umajumui wa Kiafrika ungejumuisha kizazi cha pili na vizazi vya baadaye vya walowezi weupe, ambao walizaliwa katika nchi za Kiafrika; na wahamiaji wa kizazi cha pili na vizazi vya baadaye kama vile Wahindi na wengine. Mmerikani anafahamu kwamba kuhusishwa wengine bado ni sehemu ya mjadala unaoendelea kuhusiana na Umajumui wa Kiafrika.
ENGLISH TRANSLATION
[Excerpts from Angelus Mnenuka’s book chapter “The Role of Swahili Literature in Compatibility, African Identity and the Evolution of African Literature” (2022).]
“[Pan-Africanism*] originated in the United States and later spread to the European continent as a strategy to fight the profiteering exercised upon Black people (Appiah, 2005). Later, these movements included the struggle against colonialism on the African continent. After African countries obtained their independence, these movements continued and gave rise to ideas that inspired the creation of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), an institution that was renamed and is now called the African Union (AU) (McEachrane, 2020; Murithi, 2020). The essence of [Pan-Africanism*] is the well-being of Black people of African descent wherever they are in the world.[†] Among the people mentioned in these movements are Marcus Garvey (1887-1940), William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (1868-1963), Martin R. Delany (1812-1885), Alexander Crummell (1822-1898), and Edward Wilmot Blyden (1832-1912).
- Angelus Mnenuka is a senior lecturer at the Institute of Kiswahili Studies (IKS) at the University of Dar es Salaam and an independent researcher. He is the author of several publications examining literary theory, oral and written literature, and the Swahili language.
† Mmerikani would like to add that a more expansive view of Pan-Africanism would include second-generation and later generations of White settlers, who were born in African countries; and second-generation and later immigrants such as Indians and others. Mmerikani understands this inclusion remains part of the ongoing debate surrounding Pan-Africanism.
Chanzo (source): Mnenuka, Angelus. “Dhima ya Fasihi ya Kiswahili katika Utangamano, Utambulisho wa Uafrika na Uatamizi wa Fasihi ya Kiafrika.” Book chapter from Kiswahili katika Anga za Kimataifa. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Taasisi ya Uchunguzi wa Kiswahili (TUKI) (Institute of Kiswahili Research), 2022, page 4. Accessed on June 7, 2025 from ResearchGate.net at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370658801_Dhima_ya_Fasihi_ya_Kiswahili_katika_Utangamano_Utambulisho_wa_Uafrika_na_Uatamizi_wa_Fasihi_ya_Kiafrika.